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  U-123
27" X 42" Oil Painting
Video

Sinking of the SS Gulfamerica off the coast of Jacksonville by German submarine. April 11, 1942.

It was the second year of World War II. The German Submarine force had begun "Operation Drumbeat" - a large scale plan to attack shipping routes along the eastern seaboard of North America, sinking supply and oil vessels destined for the Allied Forces in Europe.

During this time, the oil tanker, SS Gulfamerica had set sail from Texas on her maiden voyage, laden with oil and petroleum bound for the war. The new ship rounded the tip of Florida and sailed parallel to the east coast, northward. At a point just four miles off of Jacksonville, on the night of April 11, U-boat 123 struck the tanker with torpedoes that ignited the fuel into a massive firestorm aboard her. But the ship was slow to sink. The submarine then surfaced and, with her deck gun, began to shoot into the hull to expedite the sinking.

U-boat Commander, Kapitanleutenant Reinhard Hardigan prepared to engage the ship but observed the nearness of the shore - there he could see evidence of the well populated coast of Jacksonville. Realizing that if he fired, there was a possibility that overshots could hit the shore, putting civilians at risk. He navigated around the Gulfamerica to a place where his fire would be directed to sea. In doing so, he lost valuable time and was engaged by American warships. The damaged U-123 made a narrow escape back to Europe.

The Gulfamerica sank, losing nineteen of her crew, but Hardigan's humane conduct in not firing on the shores of the city was recognized.

Long after the war, the former U-Boat Commander visited Jacksonville and was warmly hosted by the community that was once in his gunsights. The friendship has remained.